Character Valuation Function $V(c)$
Given an input string $S = c_1 c_2 \dots c_L$ of length $L$ and a target output pin count $N \ge 1$, every character $c_i$ is first normalized into a discrete non-negative integer $V(c_i)$. Alphabetical characters are case-insensitive and mapped to their 1-indexed Latin alphabet position ($1\text{–}26$).
Numeric characters retain their literal integer value ($0\text{–}9$), while punctuation, symbols, and whitespace are folded into $[0, 9]$ using their ASCII codepoint modulo $10$. If $S$ is empty ($L = 0$), all $N$ pins default immediately to $0^N$ (e.g. $\mathbf{00000}$ for $N=5$).
| Character Class | Domain | Formal Rule | Sample Evaluations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alphabetical | A–Z, a–z | $$V(c) = \text{ord}(\text{lower}(c)) - 96$$ | 'a' → 1, 'h' → 8, 't' → 20, 'z' → 26 |
| Numeric Digits | 0–9 | $$V(c) = \text{int}(c)$$ | '0' → 0, '3' → 3, '9' → 9 |
| Symbols / Other | ASCII \ Alnum | $$V(c) = \text{ASCII}(c) \bmod 10$$ | '-' (45) → 5, '.' (46) → 6, ' ' (32) → 2 |